12/23/2023 0 Comments As04 atropine antidoteHum Exp Toxicol 28:715–720īardin PG, Van Eeden SF, Joubert JR (1987) Intensive care management of acute organophosphate poisoning. Anaesthesia 38:1195–1204Īrendse R, Irusen E (2009) An atropine and glycopyrrolate combination reduces mortality in organophosphate poisoning. Mirakhur RK, Dundee JW (1983) Glycopyrrolate: pharmacology and clinical use. Rosman Y, Makarovsky I, Bentur Y, Shrot S, Dushnistky T, Krivoy A (2009) Carbamate poisoning: treatment recommendations in the setting of a mass casualties event. Kumaraswamy RC, Madhavi KMS, Basavanthappa SP, Gowda MRN (2014) Open-label randomized controlled study comparing continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus dose of atropine with or without pralidoxime in the treatment of organophosphorus poisoning in a teaching hospital. Ann Emerg Med 58:559–564Įddleston M, Buckley NA, Checketts H, Senarathna L, Mohamed F, Sheriff MHR, Dawson A (2004) Speed of initial atropinisation in significant organophosphorus pesticide poisoning-a systematic comparison of recommended regimens. Rajapakse BN, Thiermann H, Eyer P, Worek F, Bowe SJ, Dawson AH, Buckley NA (2011) Evaluation of the test-mate ChE (cholinesterase) field kit in acute organophosphorus poisoning. Sanz P, Rodriguez-vicente MC, Diaz D, Repetto J, Repetto M (1991) Red blood cell and total blood acetylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterase in humans: observed variances. Karalliedde L, Senanayake N (1989) Organophosphorous insecticide poisoning. Neurol India 48:308–313Įddleston M, Buckley NA, Eyer P, Dawson AH (2008) Management of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Singh S, Sharma N (2000) Neurological syndromes following organophosphate poisoning. The Association of Physician of India, Mumbai, pp 427–433 Palaniappen V (2013) Current concepts in the management of organophosphorus compound poisoning Medicine update. In summary, male gender, elderly population, and treatment patterns followed adversely affected the outcome in patients with OPC poisoning. The age group of > 50 years (OR 4.275 ), male gender (OR 2.608 ), and the treatment pattern with ATR, PAM and GPR (OR 2.233 ) were independently associated with mortality. Patients requiring intubation were also lowest in the group treated with ATR and PAM (27.51%). Consumption of poison with a suicidal intention was reported in 98.19% of the patients, and the treatment with ATR and PAM (42.86%) was observed to have lower days of ventilation in comparison to the treatment with ATR and GPR ( p = 0.003). A total of 441 patients were included in the study, of which 69.16% were males, and 375 patients survived. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors associated with mortality and odds ratio (OR). The outcome of the patients was assessed in terms of survival, intubation, ICU days, and days of ventilation and hospitalization. The study population was then categorized into four treatment patterns (1) ATR alone, (2) ATR and PAM, (3) ATR and GPR, (4) ATR, PAM and GPR. The data of patients presented at the emergency unit with the consumption of OPC compounds between the years 20 were retrospectively reviewed. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of various treatment regimens and identify the factors affecting mortality. Atropine (ATR) is an essential antidote in organophosphate and carbamate poisoning, with the inclusion of cholinesterase reactivators and other anticholinergics, namely pralidoxime (PAM) and glycopyrrolate (GPR). Organophosphate and carbamate (OPC) poisoning is a major global health hazard requiring immediate medical intervention.
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